The Principle Of Yarn Making

1. Impurity removal
Spinning is a science that studies the processing of short textile fibers into yarns. Yarns are generally made of many short fibers of different lengths by splicing, and long continuous monofilaments are twisted. combined. In the spinning process, it is first necessary to remove impurities, that is, to conduct preliminary processing of raw materials, also known as the preparation of spinning raw materials. The types of raw materials are different, the types and properties of impurities are different, and the processing methods and techniques are also different. The primary processing methods of raw materials mainly include physical methods (such as cotton ginning), chemical methods (such as degumming of hemp, scouring of spun silk), and methods combining physical and chemical methods (such as washing and de-weeding of wool).
2. Release
To process the disorderly and closely connected fibers in the vertical direction into a smooth yarn with certain requirements, it is necessary to change the blocky fibers into a single fiber state, remove the horizontal connection of the fiber raw materials, and establish a firm end-to-end connection. vertical linkage. The former is called the loosening of fibers, and the latter is called the collection of fibers. The loosening of fibers is to completely release the horizontal connection between fibers. However, fiber damage must be minimized as much as possible. The collection of fibers is to re-establish an orderly longitudinal connection between the loosened and processed fibers. This connection is continuous, and the distribution of fibers in the collection should be uniform and have a certain linear density and strength at the same time. Fiber aggregates also need to add a certain amount of twist. The assembly process is not completed at one time, and it can only be completed after multiple processes such as carding, drafting and twisting.
3. Opening
Opening is to tear large pieces of fiber into small pieces and small fiber bundles. In a broad sense, the degumming of hemp is also a kind of opening. With the progress of opening, the connection force between fibers and impurities is weakened, so that impurities are removed, and fibers are mixed at the same time. The opening function and the removal of impurities are not completed at one time, but are gradually realized through the reasonable configuration of tearing, striking and splitting.
4. Combing
The carding effect is to further loosen the small pieces and small bundles of fibers into a single state by a large number of dense comb needles on the carding machine, thereby further improving the loosening of the fibers. After carding, the horizontal connection between fibers is basically released, and the functions of impurity removal and mixing are more sufficient. But there are a large number of fibers that are curved. And there are hooks, there is still a certain horizontal connection between each fiber. Earliest Spinning Machine
5. Combing
The combing function of the combing machine is to use the comb to comb more carefully under the state of holding the two ends of the fiber respectively. Combing machine processing can eliminate short fibers and small impurities below a certain length, and make the fibers more parallel and straight. Chemical fibers are generally not processed by combing machines because of their neat length, less impurities, and good straightening and parallel state.
6. Drafting
The combed sliver is drawn long and thin, and gradually reaches the predetermined thickness. This process is called drafting. It lays the foundation for firmly establishing a regular end-to-end connection relationship between fibers. However, drafting will cause unevenness in the short segments of the yarn, so it is necessary to configure a reasonable drafting device and process parameters.
7. Twisting
Twisting is to twist the strands around their own axis, so that the fibers parallel to the axis of the strands are helical, thereby generating radial pressure to fix the longitudinal connection between the fibers.
8. Winding
Winding semi-finished products or finished products into a certain form, so as to facilitate storage, transportation and processing in the next process, this process is called winding. The winding process should be carried out continuously on the basis of not affecting the output and quality of the product. Efforts should be made to realize the continuous production between each process and reduce the quality problems caused by the winding process as much as possible. In a word, the spinning process generally includes the functions of raw material preparation, opening, carding, impurity removal, mixing, drafting, merging, twisting and winding, and some functions are realized through repeated repetitions.